Impact Of The French Revolution On The 19th Century Europe

The period 1815-1914 in Europe was important, as it was the time of the growth of constitutional government, however events from the French Revolution had a significant impact on the 19th century Europe. French revolutions has began when in 1774 Louise XVI had to deal with a financial crisis cause by seven year s war . Louise XVI had agreed to summon Estate-General , which represented the clergy, nobles and the Third Estate(the commoners). Inspired by the issues with the voting system of the estate-general, the third assembly has called themselves National Assembly, and threatened to proceed without the clergy and nobles if necessary. On 9 of July 1789 under king s agreement clergy and nobles has joined the assembly, which was officially called National Constituent Assembly. On the 4 of august 1789 the assembly issued a Declaration of the Rights of Man , which stated that the nation, not the monarchy, was the superior authority, and that the elected representatives of the state w ould proclaim liberty and equality for the citizens, the right to property and to resit oppression. In respond to peasant riots and attacks on chateaux, the assembly abolished feudalism. By the 1792 both radicals, full of hope to spread the ideas of the Revolution, and the king, optimistic that war would either improve his authority or support from foreign armies. As both agreed in April 20, 1792 France proclaimed a war against Austria. Louise XVI hoped that the war would strengthen hisShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pages18th and 19th century is marked by the greatest transformations, reformations, revolutions and many other critical events that ever took place in human history. The credit is given to all these revolutions for enlightenment of mankind. The two most important revolutions were the French revolution and the industrial revolution. One can feel that both of these revolutions mutually reinforced each other an d later became the back bone of all other revolutions. On the other hand, both revolutions had totallyRead MoreEurope Witnessed Revolutions Essay786 Words   |  4 Pages Through out the course of the 19th century, Europe witnessed revolutions, radical political changes, and industrial advancements, which had an impact on shaping the art and culture of this time. By examining literature, art, and cultural changes of the 19th century, historians can provide a different perspective of the events that took place. At the start of the 19th century, Napoleon was defeated along with his militaristic agenda, and Europe now entered many new phases of social reform. 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It has been a part of the way modern history has been shaped since the late 18th century with Napoleon, all the way to present day. As one historian wrote, Nationalism is a â€Å"Political outlook†¦that a nation is composed of people who are joined together by the bonds of a common language†¦customs, culture, and history† (9/13/17). Nationalism has shaped the historyRead MoreThe Atlantic Revolution988 Words   |  4 Pagessimilar to the Declaration of Independence in the United States. Most importantly, this document expressed that all men are born free and equal, and that their rights are not dependent on their social status. This controversial idea was the start of a revolution, not only in France, but reaching out to colonial empires all over the Atlantic. Many questioned the legitimacy of these rights and whether they truly applied fairly to all people. One group to question the â€Å"rights of man† was the women of France

Feminism Final Exam Feminist Theory - 1851 Words

Alonia Lewis Prof Barnes Feminism Final Exam May 4, 2016 In feminist theory there are two ways to study and research epistemology. There is the Essentialist (standpoint) theory and there is the Social constructivist (post structuralist). The essentialist epistemology is to view certain roles as being the way they are because that is the way that nature has intended it to be. While the post structuralist standpoint is viewing knowledge as if it is all man made. It is to say that everything is nurture and there is nothing outside of what we construct socially as human beings. The debate over the methods that knowledge is produced, many times creates controversial conversation about race and gender. The argument is whether we only see the differences of races and gender because we are socially constructed to under a patriarchal white dominated society. Or, if human beings are naturally different because of race and gender, and that difference has been exploited. In the Feminist theory reader, feminist theorists like Lice Irigaray , Lucille Clifton, and Patricia Collins create conversation about epistemology based on the topics of difference in gender, race, and sexuality by explaining their contribution to women’s experiences. One of the most prevalent arguments in feminist discourse is over gender theory. Feminists believe that gender is socially constructed and outside of nurture all people are the same. The difference and inferiority of women only exists under theShow MoreRelatedUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess the Claim That Gender Differences in Educational Achievement Are Primarily the Result of Changes in Society1188 Words   |  5 Pages The impact of feminist ideas and changing employment opportunities (as stated in Item A). 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Care Provision Given to the Elderly or Older Patient Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Ethics, Professional Guidelines and their Relationship to Nursing Practice. Answer: Introduction This essay focuses mainly on the care provision given to the elderly or olderpatient who has high falls risk along with related professional and nursing guidelines for the patients care. It will also emphasize the law and ethical guidelines for nursing practice of the registered nurse in Australia and will assist in the understanding the important characteristics of professionalism in the practical healthcare setting. Inadvertent falls are enlisted under the common reason of nonfatal harms for the patient older than 65 years of age. The accidental death of the patient over 65 years of age is commonly caused secondary to the fall associated injuries. Unintentional falls are a rising public health concern that requires being given attention(Abraham, 2011). Here, a scenario is considered which includes a nurse and one of her colleague who is taking care of an older and confused patient who tend to fall often due to age-related complications and the colleague nurse is unable to take proper care of the patient and so, she tied the patient to the chair with the help of a sheet. The other nurse who was witnessing this whole scene needs to take immediate actions. The nurse shouldrespond to the patient as early as possible and remove the sheet tied to the body of the patient. Following this the patient investigation is to be conducted to find clues to his future falls causes and vital signs are to be observed.Somerisk factors related to the clinical condition or medical drug use may be indicated with the helpof abnormal assessment values of vital signs such as Temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, apical heart rate and postural BP, and for diabeticsFinger stick glucose test needs to be performed within 24-48 hours of the initialobservation(Kim, Kim, 2013).The patient should also be supported with the fall preventative aids, to prevent future falls and nurse should try to establish harmonious relationship with the patient to increase the patients trust on the nurse. These all data needs to be handed over to the registered nurse for targete d care delivery to the patient and hence, attaining holistic management and assessment by working in an interdisciplinary group(Moyle, Parker, Bramble, n.d.). The nurse should ensure that daily need items and essential materials of the patient are in area of reach of the patientto prevent any further fall. They also need to recheck whether the footwear of the patient is in proper condition and any defects in the care setting provided to the patient.The nurse should communicate the risk of fall to her colleagues so as to handle any future fall properly with colleague assistance. The nurse should keep a check on high-risk patients regularly to improve the safety of the patients surroundings(Carlson, Bengtsson, 2014). In this case mentioned above the nurse applied restraints without doctor approval. However restraints can be used for the patient only if there is a standing or written order for it. Nurses and doctors work together to identify and rate on how likely the patient tends t o fall and following this they find the best wayto prevent falls from happening(Lach, Krampe, Phongphanngam, 2011). Nurses use different types of instruments to evaluate the patients balance, strength, and ability to move. Giving care(mentally) to the patient is more important than the physical safety. The nurses require meeting thepsychosocial and emotional needs of patients(Beebee, 2013). The main issues, in this case are nurse adherence to ethics and codes, demands, public needs, and expectation (Australian nursing and midwifery board standards) and involvement of specially trained nurses for old aged care settings which were lacking in this case. The nurse needs to understand and to take care of the patients dignity, respect and confidentiality of their information. Another one is the absence of the effective care provisions for the elderly secondary to inability to use her skills and knowledge for the betterment of the patient. The nurse should ask for patient consent before restraining the patient to the chair. The nurse should understand the proper and effective use of methods to prevent falls in elders(Fogel, Berkman, Merkel, 2009).The nurse needs to follow the goals of elderly care are doing no harm to the patient, telling the truth to the patient, and loyalty to the patient. In the scenario given the aged patient should be treated well without any bias based race, religion, or age and allowed to take their decisions.The nurse should educate about the fall prevention methods to the patient family.These issues can be handled by the provision of suitable training to the nurses involved in the care settings and should be made aware ofthe ANMB standards(Dempsey, 2014). The sections of the Australian nurses whose practices will apply here are gerontological nurses as they are specialized in the provision of treatment and care of the older people and their age- related illness or risk factors related to cognitive, physical, and psychosocial alterations are essential requirements for nursing care of older adults. They assist the older adult patient to maintain activities of daily life.Registered nurse strictly follows and understands the code of ethics provided by Australian nursing and midwifery board(Terry, Stirling, Bull, Fassett, 2015).The 'Registered Nurse' is a nurse who has completed the course approved by AMBA and who utilizes her nursing skills and critical judgment of nursing to meet the health needs of the patient to provide them best care(Halcomb, Stephens, Bryce, Foley, Ashley, 2017).The registered nurse shows know-how in thedelivery of nursing care as defined by National Board standards and codes, informative preparation, applied legis lation and situationof care. The registered nurse takes action independently as well asinterdependently, assuming responsibility and accountability for their actions.The registered nurse plays a role of leader in the management of health and nursing care within various carecontexts to provide optimal health results. This includes applicable referral to, and meeting with, other pertinenthealth professionals, facility providers, and maintenance services(Edmonds, Cashin, Heartfield, 2016). The legal, ethical, and the professional issues in the case are the patients autonomy (the independence of a patient to carry his activities and to take informed decisions) and right for the informed consent which were violated when he was tied with a sheet into his chair. Hence, according to the autonomy right of standard ethics, the nurse should take care of what the patient wants and no nurse has right to deny this. According to the right of informed consent, the patient can say that he was not asked for his consent to this action so, informed consent is the legal and ethical duty of the health professional and the nurse to take from the patient(Joana, Rosa, Bruno, 2013). There is no need for informed consent in cases where the patient is unable to express his needs.Abiding these rights will consequently help in the establishment of trust and harmonious professional relationship. The legal and ethical implications arise when nurses breach or unable to follow their ethical duties and responsibilities("Medicines Australia Code of Conduct: breaches, 2015).In the above mentioned case, the nurselacks the right standards of practice and respect of patients rights("Implications of the Affordable Care Act on Nursing Regulation and Practice, 2014). Nursing in Australia is bound to standard code of ethics defined by ANMB. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that handles questions about the morality and concepts such as evil or good, wrong or right, virtue or justice.The nurse should act ethically to maintain standards of practice and should respect the rights of the client(Halcomb, Stephens, Bryce, Foley, Ashley, 2017). The key ethical principles of nursing practice are respect for individuals, their autonomy, justice, veracity, nonmaleficence, fidelity, andbeneficence. Respect for patient, irrespective of caste, creed, race or age. Respect for autonomy is also called as personal independence. The right to justice is delivery of equal service and care of all the patients(Mason, 2017). Veracity is the rule to tell the truth to the patient and nonmaleficence is to do no harm to the patient. Accountability or fidelity is the willingness of the care provider to stay loyal with the patient. The law followed by the registered nurse in Australia is a Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (ACT) 2010. The national standards of practice for registered nurse are as follows: Professional Practice: The codes in this guide the registered nurse to take action according to the health law and legal requirement of the medications. It helps to aware the nurses about the legal implication of the nursing intervent ion made for the patient and also the way to identify legal implication(McElroy, 2011). It also explains the nurse about the effect of the legislations and unprofessional practices as it relates to the breach of patients confidentiality and their privacy. It aims to deliver optimal care to the patient and guides to avoid unsafe practices for prevention of recurrence of bad outcomes.The competency standards also guide the nurses in critical analysis and thinking and train them on the use of clinical research and its implication for appropriate decision making.Delivery and coordination of care plan described in ANMB to assist the health care professionals to, plan, implement, evaluate and do an assessment of the patient for optimal care provisions. The last one is therapeutic andcollaborative practicewhich relates to the way to establish good relationship with a patient and the healthcare teams(Phelps, Hyde, Planchon Wolf, 2015). RN(Registered Nurses) follows practices, according to Australian nursing code and ethics defined by ANMB. It includes equal nursing care for all people. Nurses should value kindness and respect for self and patients. They believe in the provision of quality nursing and care for all individuals. RN gives importance to informed making of decisions. The nurses believe in the safety of health and nursing care and also ethical management of patients data or information. Registered nurse believes inan economically, socially, and ecologically workable environment for promotion of wellbeing and health to the patient. The reasons for the codes of ethics for nurses are to distinguish between the unsafe practices and basic ethical standards of care to which profession of nursing is committed. It provides a reference basis from they can follow and guide their conduct and others. It also denotes the community human rights standards and value of ethics expected from the nurse.The nurses must demonstrate integrity and professionalism and carry out th eir work within standard professional, ethical and legal frameworks. The code of ethics is crucial to be followed by the registered nurse and if they breach this ethical code, then their nursing license will be taken away or canceled.Healthcare provisions will endure to face alterations and advancements; however, professionalism and an emphasis on patient satisfaction will always act as the heart or soul of this healing profession(Halcomb, Stephens, Bryce, Foley, Ashley, 2017). Conclusion Understanding of ethics, law, professional guidelines and their connection with the nursing practice is imperative for the registered nurses and other associate nurses. As they guide the nurse to provide best and optimal care to the patient. In this report a case of an elderly confused patient was given who has high falls risk to develop a practical thinking approach in nurses to make them learn about the associated problems in nursing care and the path they can follow to take right decisions keeping in mind the standard code of ethics and conduct provided by the ANMB. The study of case helps in making them aware of the actions to be taken by a nurse for fall prevention. It also increases the knowledge about the use of restraints at a suitable time with the approval of a doctor and also helped in learning the approach to provide care without breaching the code of ethics and hurting the rights of the patient(Moyle, Parker, Bramble, n.d.). The right of the patient to have respect (soc ial) and moral (informed consent and right tohave autonomy) aspects of patient safety must be carefully consideredin the nursing care. References Abraham, S. (2011). Fall Prevention Conceptual Framework.The Health Care Manager,30(2), 179-184. Beebee, J. (2013). When restraint becomes necessary.Learning Disability Practice,16(1), 9-9. Carlson, E., Bengtsson, M. (2014). The uniqueness of elderly care: Registered nurses' experience as preceptors during clinical practice in nursing homes and home-based care.Nurse Education Today,34(4), 569-573. Dempsey, D. (2014). Refusing treatment: practical, legal and ethical issues.Nursing And Residential Care,16(8), 454-458. Edmonds, L., Cashin, A., Heartfield, M. (2016). Comparison of Australian specialty nurse standards with registered nurse standards.International Nursing Review,63(2), 162-179. Fogel, J., Berkman, C., Merkel, C. (2009). Efficient and Accurate Measurement of Physical Restraint Use in Acute Care.Care Management Journals,10(3), 100-109. Halcomb, E., Stephens, M., Bryce, J., Foley, E., Ashley, C. (2017). The development of professional practice standards for Australian general practice nurses.Journal Of Advanced Nursing. Implications of the Affordable Care Act on Nursing Regulation and Practice. (2014).Journal Of Nursing Regulation,5(1), 26-34. Joana, S., Rosa, C., Bruno, F. (2013). Incidence of falls and risk assessment in institutionalized elders.European Geriatric Medicine,4, S59-S60. Kim, M., Kim, J. (2013). Effects of the Fall Prevention Education Program (FPEP) for Caregivers in Elderly Care Facilities on Fall-related Knowledge, Fall-related Burden, and Caring Behaviors for Fall Prevention.The Journal Of The Korea Contents Association,13(11), 778-790. Lach, H., Krampe, J., Phongphanngam, S. (2011). Best practice in fall prevention: roles of informal caregivers, health care providers and the community.International Journal Of Older People Nursing,6(4), 299-306. Mason, D. (2017). Professionalism in Health Care Organizations.JAMA,317(12), 1203. McElroy, A. (2011). Fundamental Aspects of Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues in Nursing Second edition.Nursing Standard,25(42), 28-28. Medicines Australia Code of Conduct: breaches. (2015).Australian Prescriber,38(6), 216-216. Moyle, W., Parker, D., Bramble, M.Care of older adults(1st ed., pp. 55-59). Phelps, S., Hyde, L., Planchon Wolf, J. (2015). Introducing Information Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing.Nurse Educator,40(6), 278-280. Terry, K., Stirling, C., Bull, R., Fassett, D. (2015). An overview of the ways nurses understand and utilise the existing Australian Competency Standards for Registered Nurses.Collegian.

Giorgio Vasari on Lorenzo Ghiberti This text conta Essays

Giorgio Vasari on Lorenzo Ghiberti This text contains a mixture of bibliographical and historical information regarding Ghiberti's life and the circumstances in which he received the commission for the doors for the Baptistery of San Giovanni, next to the Duomo in Florence. It contains factual information regarding the background and training of the artist; the participants and judges of the competition to win the contract; descriptive information about the location of the door, its manufacture and some of the practical difficulties experienced by Ghiberti whilst working on it. The text therefore gives information that is helpful to the historian in understanding some of the facts surrounding the production of art in fifteenth century Florence and the circumstances of production of one particular artistic creation. However, to regard this as a purely objective historical account would be a mistake. Rubin (1995, 2) comments that the components of Vasari's history had generic pr ecedents and parallels in biography, technical treatises, and didactic literature, both classical and contemporary'. Vasari was able to fuse the elements of these different genres in order to situate Ghiberti (and the other artists in The Lives ) within a developing tradition of artistic enterprise and to create a history of art that included aesthetic judgement. Vasari's teleological view of the development of art goes beyond mere biographical and historical description and this aspect of his work is particularly important because it gives the modern reader information about how artists of the later Renaissance period viewed artistic products from an earlier time and also how a theoretical stance towards the nature of art was being developed. Having grown up as the son of an artisan, Vasari had received part of his education in his home town of Arezzo and then spent a part of his adolescence with the Medici family, who were at that time the most prominent family in Flore nce. It was among their children that he furthered his education and was undoubtedly exposed to the humanist curriculum that would have been a part of their education at that time. Although Vasari would not have had a university education, he was nonetheless familiar with the basics of humanist thought. Vasari's own life, therefore, exemplified the way in which art had become a vital part of aristocratic life and education and how it gave practitioners of the arts an entry into the highest parts of society. Whilst earlier generations of painters and sculptors had been regarded merely as craftsmen and had worked relatively anonymously, by Vasari's time individual artists were able to capitalise on their reputations to gain high financial remuneration as well as fame. The text reveals that Ghiberti's father had these two goals in mind when he urged Ghiberti to come back to Florence to enter the competition, which would be an occasion to make himself known and demonstrate his genius' a nd also that, if his son gained recognition as a sculptor, neither would ever again need to labour at making ear-rings'. The ambitious artist was, therefore, able to advance his career and wealth through winning great commissions. Welch (1997, 125) observes that by the mid-fourteenth century a number of Italian artists, particularly in Tuscany, seem to have been aware of the need to promote themselves and their memory, either by writing themselves or by encouraging others to write about them. It is within this tradition that Vasari wrote his The Lives . In classical times, writers such as Plutarch and Pliny had written biographical works about famous men's lives and the Renaissance preoccupation with the revival of antiquity provided a stimulus for this genre of biography that is focussed on the rhetorical practice of praising worthy and famous men, including artists (Pliny's Natural History provided the model for writing about artists of Graeco-Roman antiquity (Welch , 1997, 125)). Ghiberti himself had written Commentaries , a work that included a section on antiquity, another on his own autobiography, and a third on the theory of optical illusion. This is the work to which Vasari refers in the text. Vasari alludes to Ghiberti's use of Pliny as a model and he thus demonstrates that they are all, in their different ways, participating in an ancient tradition of writing about art and

The Hillerman Hotel Case Study Essays

The Hillerman Hotel Case Study Essays The Hillerman Hotel Case Study Essay The Hillerman Hotel Case Study Essay Problem 1: What to do with the property? The first problem in the case is deciding what to do with the property. The owners have the option of selling the hotel or keeping it open for business. This problem is time sensitive because new competitors are entering the market rapidly. â€Å"Approximately 28 hotels were under construction and an additional 25 in permit stages for a total of 53 projects under development†. (Cornsun amp; Enz, p. 1). The Hillerman Hotel Executive Board will need to choose an option soon. The tool/concept that will be used to solve this problem is the hold and maintain strategy. The essence of this strategy is a good defense, which makes it harder for new firms to enter and for challengers to gain ground, lowers the probability of attack, lessens the intensity of attack, or diverts attack to less threatening arenas (Popescu, 2008, p. ). The purpose of the hold and maintain strategy is to protect the company’s position in the industry by strengthening competencies. After reading the case and looking at the business life cycle, which is the movement of a firm through stages of development, growth, expansion, maturity, saturation, and decline (Business Life Cycle), this company is in the mature phase and is doing very well. Although it is a seller’s market, there is no reason to sell a high performing business, at this point, that will prove to still be a top competitor in the industry. The hold and maintain strategy should be used by businesses who are leaders and dominant in their field. The Westward is at the top of the industry for their target market of the business transient segment and is financially healthy. Hillerman will stick to their competencies, which are customer service and guest satisfaction. With proper implementation of the hold and maintain strategy, Hillerman will arrive at the conclusion to not sell the property and maintain its place in the industry by strengthening themselves and competing with the new businesses. Bibliography Business Life Cycle. (n. d. ). Retrieved October 28, 2009, from All Business: www. allbusiness. com/glossaries/life-cycle/4942437-1. html. Cornsun, P. D. , amp; Enz, P. C. Living A Vision At The Hillerman Hotels. Popescu, C. (2008). Generic Business Strategies.

Organizational Behavior Indept Comapny Analysis Coursework

Organizational Behavior Indept Comapny Analysis - Coursework Example These functions are performed by all the managers at all levels of management and irrespective of the nature of the business. Organizations upgrade their management system with an aim of gaining competitive advantage over other organizations in the industry. Success or failure of an organization is directly connected to the effectiveness of the management team. For an organization or business entity to gain a competitive advantage over others, it has to strategically manage its affairs. Strategic management is aimed at improved returns, maintain operations and contain the prevailing competition in the market place. Basically, strategic management is aiming at adequately responding to the uncertainties, changes and adapting to the market demands. Therefore, when an organization strategically manages its affairs, it may gain a competitive advantage over other companies. Competitive advantage is gained only if the strategies developed by a company are expensive for or cannot be adopted by other companies in the market. An organization that strategically manages its affairs may gain and maintain competitive advantage which is essential for the survival of a business despite the market changes (Smith, and Conners, 2009, pp 34-78). Company history For instance, Euro Disney is of American origin but considered one of the largest companies in Europe. The company was initially formed in the United States but after successful operation for several years, it opted to grow to other regions in Europe. This led to the company growing from a domestic to international company. It is an international company hence operates several business entities in the region among them the Disneyland resort Paris. The site comprises of several components such as the discovery land, fantasyland, adventure land, frontier land and main street USA. The company also encompasses of a 27-hole golf course, Disney village, 68 restaurants, seven hotels, two convention centers and 52 boutiques. The company opened for operation in the late march 1992 for the employees. The presses were later formally invited to the company on April 11th 1992 and on April 12th 1992 for the visitors. The company enjoyed enormous profits but later incurred losses. Cultural differen ces Though Euro Disney operates in the European countries, it has encountered cultural differences in some countries. This is because the company was formed in the United States and had an American business setting. Therefore, the company operated with adoption of American business aspects. Since there are cultural differences between America and France, the company had to adjust to the cultural difference so as to suit into the French market. These cultural differen

Marketing plan of a restarant Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing plan of a restarant - Case Study Example Therefore it is important for investors to have knowledge of the target group in regard to the hotel type. For example Urspace Cafà © located in Temple City can arguably be considered a business hotel since it mainly deals with customers seeking day food and breakfast. However, despite the hotel type it important to ensure that the marketing strategies employed are excellent. Excellent hospitality operation is one of the basic marketing strategies applied by in the hotel industry. Hospitality operations go beyond the normal daily greetings as customers enter the premise. Successful hospitality operations involve increased knowledge about the customer base in order to offer the best services without necessarily being prompted to. For starters, waiters and waitresses should have good knowledge of all available foods and beverages to avoid uncertainty when an order is placed. Additionally, they should be aware of the frequently requested food types especially by frequent customers to give room for suggestions. This is also important to ensure that frequently foods and beverages are always present hence eliminating customer disappointments. This improves interactions between the personnel and the customers thereby creating a sense of satisfaction. Additionally, building strong relationships with the customers makes it easy to identify arising problems. This is because loyal customers accustomed to the hotel feel welcomed to give suggestions on improving levels of service. Therefore, in case of a complaint a customer will not opt for another hotel but rather will consider communicating with the personnel so that the problem can be addressed. Additionally, in as much as caution is taken, there is bound to be errors though few thereby prompting a customer’s complaint. Part of excellent hospitality is ensuring complaints and suggestions raised are addressed fast enough and accurately.